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Drug name: Valtrex

Form of the drug:
Valtrex comes in 500 milligrams and 1-gram caplets. Its shape is oblong and it's colored dark blue in both concentrations. The 500-milligram Valtrex caplet is smaller in size than the one-gram Valtrex caplet. The caplets come with an easily recognizable engraving that states � Valtrex 500 � and � Valtrex 1 gram �.

About herpes simplex virus :
Over 80 known viruses exist within the Herpes family. Of these, 8 are known to cause disease in humans, the most common being Herpes Simplex Virus Type-1 (HSV-1) and type-2 (HSV-2) . HSV-1 and HSV-2 look identical under the microscope, and either type can infect the mouth or genitals. Usually, however, HSV-1 occurs above the waist, and HSV-2 below the waist:

Herpes Simplex Virus Type-1 (HSV-1) - commonly causes herpes labialis (also called oral herpes, cold sores or fever blisters), which is a highly infectious open sore that crust over before healing. Although less probable, HSV-1 can also cause genital herpes.
Herpes Simplex Virus Type-2 (HSV-2) - a contagious viral infection primarily causing genital herpes in men and women. The telltale signs and symptoms of genital herpes include recurrent clusters of blisters, bumps and rashes in the genital areas. HSV-2 can also be responsible for herpes labialis (cold sores), although less often than HSV-1.
Valtrex is effective therapy against both HSV -1 and HSV-2.

Transmission of herpes simplex virus:
Unlike viruses such as influenza, which can be transmitted through the air, Herpes Simplex Viruses require physical contact. They are frequently transmitted through mouth-to-mouth contact (in the case of HSV-1) or genital-to-genital contact (in the case of HSV-2), although other means of transmission, including hand-to-genital and mouth-to-genital contact, are possible.

How does the medicine work?
Valtrex is selectively absorbed into cells infected with Herpes Simplex Virus . Within the cell Herpes Simplex Virus coded enzymes convert Valtrex into its active form. This active form of the drug inhibits the growth and replication of Herpes Simplex Virus by interfering with viral DNA replication.

Valtrex is preferentially taken up and converted into its active form only by Herpes Simplex Virus infected cells. Thus, Valtrex is much less toxic for normal uninfected cells.

What is episodic Valtrex therapy and how does it work?
With episodic Valtrex therapy, you take medication for several days at the first sign of an oral or genital Herpes Simplex Virus outbreak.

Episodic Valtrex therapy works by disrupting the process by which the herpes virus reproduces itself and spreads to other cells in the body. Valtrex, taken early in the reactivation cycle, may shorten the duration or severity of symptoms.

Is there an alternative to episodic Valtrex therapy?
Yes. If you find that the anticipation of your next outbreak is causing you to worry constantly or if you have frequent severe outbreaks, you might want to consider suppressive Valtrex therapy that involves taking Valtrex every day to suppress outbreaks before symptoms ever appear.

Is episodic Valtrex therapy right for me?
If you have few outbreaks, or if your outbreaks don't bother you much when they do occur, episodic Valtrex therapy is probably be right for you.

How effective is Valtrex for episodic therepy?
In clinical trials, Valtrex shortened the healing time of genital herpes sores by 33% (four days v. six days) on average compared to placebo. Perhaps as importantly, the duration of pain associated with genital herpes was reduced by 25% (three days v. four days) in patients who received VALTREX as opposed to placebo. VALTREX also stopped viral shedding 50% (two days v. four days) faster on average than placebo. Viral shedding is the process in which virus is released from the skin during an outbreak of genital herpes .

How is Valtrex taken for episodic therapy?
For the first episode of infection with Herpes Simplex Virus, Valtrex is taken in a dosage of 1-gram twice daily for 10 days.

For recurrent episodes of infection with Herpes Simplex Virus, VALTREX is taken in a dosage of 500-milligrams twice daily for 3 days.

What is suppressive Valtrex therapy and how does it work?
With suppressive Valtrex therapy, medication can be taken every day to help suppress outbreaks of Herpes Simplex Virus infection before they occur. While on suppressive Valtrex therapy, some people can go 6 months or longer without an outbreak.

How is suppressive Valtrex therapy different from episodic therapy?
You may now be taking Valtrex as symptoms of an outbreak begin in order to reduce the outbreak's severity and duration. (This method of treatment is called "acute therapy" or "episodic therapy.") However, treating genital Herpes Simplex Virus infections this way does not actually affect the number of outbreaks you may experience. In contrast, suppressive Valtrex therapy means taking daily medication to help suppress outbreaks before symptoms ever begin.

Is suppressive Valtrex therapy right for me?
If genital herpes recurs frequently and with great severity or affects your self-esteem and confidence, you are a candidate for suppressive Valtrex therapy.

How effective is Valtrex for suppressive therepy?
Over half of the patients (55%) who experienced a high frequency of outbreaks (6 or more per year) did not have a single outbreak for 6 months while taking a 1-gram Valtrex Caplet once a day.

Only 7% of those taking placebo (sugar pill) avoided an outbreak in 6 months. By the end of 12 months, 33% of the patients taking Valtrex still had not had a single outbreak

Compared to only 4% of those taking placebo (sugar pill).
Patients with nine or fewer outbreaks showed comparable results with Valtrex 500 mg once daily.

There are no data on the safety or effectiveness of suppressive Valtrex therapy longer than 1 years duration.

How is Valtrex taken for suppressive therapy?
The recommended dosage of Valtrex for chronic suppressive therapy of recurrent genital herpes is 1-gram once daily.

In patients with a history of 9 or fewer recurrences per year, an alternative dosage is 500-milligrams of Valtrex once daily.

If I'm on Valtrex therapy, can I still spread herpes to others?
YES, no drug has been proven to prevent the spread of herpes infection to other people. You or your partner should always use condoms and avoid sexual contact during an outbreak.

Side effects:
Nausea, vomiting, headache, loss of appetite, weakness, stomach pain or dizziness may occur for the first several days after Valtrex therapy has begun as your body adjusts to the medication. If any of these effects continue or become bothersome, you may have to discontinue Valtrex

Precautions :
On your medical history/personal profile let us know if you have any kidney disease, blood disorders or if you have any allergies. Valtrex should be used only if clearly needed during pregnancy. It is not know if the medicine appears in breast milk.

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